Who is taxed the most in the United States?
The average federal income tax rate was 13.6% in 2020, according to a January analysis from the Tax Foundation. But the top 1% of earners paid an average rate of about 26%, while the bottom half of taxpayers had an overall rate of 3.1%, the analysis found.
In 2020, the latest year with available data, the top 1 percent of income earners earned 22 percent of all income and paid 42 percent of all federal income taxes – more than the bottom 90 percent combined (37 percent).
The top 10% of taxpayers paid 60% of all income tax in 2023–24, up from 35% in 1978–79. The share of income tax revenue contributed by the top 1% of taxpayers rose from 11% in 1978–79 to 29% in 2023–24, despite big cuts in top rates of tax in the first 10 years of that period.
In 2021, the average American family in the middle 20% of income earners paid $17,902 in taxes to federal, state, and local governments. This includes direct taxes, such as income taxes, as well as indirect taxes, like payroll taxes. Of all the taxes the middle 20% paid in 2021, $10,391 went to federal income tax.
Generally, you don't have to pay taxes if your income is less than the standard deduction, you have a certain number of dependents, working abroad and are below the required thresholds, or are a qualifying non-profit organization.
- Alaska (5.36%)
- Tennessee (6.33%)
- New Hampshire (6.37%)
- Wyoming (6.63%)
- Florida (6.73%)
- Delaware (6.77%)
- South Dakota (7.03%)
- Montana (7.33%)
The top 10 percent of earners bore responsibility for 76 percent of all income taxes paid, and the top 25 percent paid 89 percent of all income taxes. Altogether, the top 50 percent of filers earned 90 percent of all income and were responsible for 98 percent of all income taxes paid in 2021.
While giant companies enjoyed record profits in recent years, many still pay lower tax rates than most working families. That's in part because many take advantage of generous tax breaks and stash profits in tax havens around the world.
A study by White House economists released on September 23 found that the 400 wealthiest U.S. families paid an average income tax rate of just 8.2 percent from 2010 to 2018. This column examines how that low tax rate compares with what ordinary people pay, using six examples of typical workers and families.
UK taxes are generally higher than in the US. Depending on where you live and how much you earn, UK personal income taxes can reach rates as high as 45% — significantly higher than the top US income tax rate of 37%. UK capital gains tax rates, meanwhile, top out at 28% while US capital gains tax rates max out at 20%.
What does the average American pay in taxes?
EMPLOYEE NET AVERAGE TAX RATE
In the United States, the average single worker faced a net average tax rate of 24.8% in 2022, compared with the OECD average of 24.6%.
The U.S. currently has seven federal income tax brackets, with rates of 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. If you're one of the lucky few to earn enough to fall into the 37% bracket, that doesn't mean that the entirety of your taxable income will be subject to a 37% tax. Instead, 37% is your top marginal tax rate.
The highest-earning Americans pay the most in combined federal, state and local taxes, the Tax Foundation noted. As a group, the top quintile — those earning $130,001 or more annually — paid $3.23 trillion in taxes, compared with $142 billion for the bottom quintile, or those earning less than $25,000.
| 2021 Average Annual Wages | |
|---|---|
| Group | Avg. Wages |
| Top 1% of Earners | $819,324 |
| Top 5% of Earners | $335,891 |
| Top 10% of Earners | $167,639 |
One recent study, for instance, found that income taxes take, on average, nearly 10 percent of family earnings from high earners in the Golden State, but just 1.2 percent from middle-income residents. Even high taxes elsewhere, such as on gasoline, don't offset these advantages.
At What Age Can You Stop Filing Taxes? Taxes aren't determined by age, so you will never age out of paying taxes. Basically, if you're 65 or older, you have to file a tax return in 2022 if your gross income is $14,700 or higher. If you're married filing jointly and both 65 or older, that amount is $28,700.
Currently billionaires effectively pay far less personal tax than other taxpayers of more modest means because they can park wealth in shell companies sheltering them from income tax, the group said in its 2024 Global Tax Evasion Report.
In most cases, if your only income is from Social Security benefits, then you don't need to file a tax return. The IRS typically doesn't consider Social Security as taxable income.
According to the updated MoneyGeek analysis, the most “tax friendly” state overall was Nevada, where the median family owes about 3% of its income in taxes. Meanwhile, 13 states earned either a D or F grade for tax burdens.
In 2018, Tesla founder Elon Musk, the second-richest person in the world, also paid no federal income taxes. Michael Bloomberg managed to do the same in recent years. Billionaire investor Carl Icahn did it twice. George Soros paid no federal income tax three years in a row.
What is the best state to live in for taxes?
| State | Tax as % of Income | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Nevada | 3.1% |
| 2. | North Dakota | 3.3% |
| 3. | Wyoming | 3.3% |
| 4. | Tennessee | 3.5% |
For example, white Americans are 83 percent of total taxpayers, and the percentage of zero-tax filers who are white is 79 percent. African Americans are roughly 13 percent of total taxpayers and 17 percent of zero-tax filers. Asian Americans comprise 3.6 percent of total taxpayers and 3.4 percent of zero-tax filers.
The minimum income amount depends on your filing status and age. In 2023, for example, the minimum for Single filing status if under age 65 is $13,850. If your income is below that threshold, you generally do not need to file a federal tax return.
Be Super-Rich. Finally, it's quite easy to pay no income taxes if you're extremely rich. In our tax system, money is only subject to income tax when it is earned or when an asset is sold at a profit. You don't have to pay income taxes on the appreciation of assets like real estate or stocks until you sell them.
The amount of income subject to payroll taxes is capped ($106,800 in 2010), which means these taxes fall more heavily on poorer Americans. In 2010, the top 1% of taxpayers paid just 4% of all payroll taxes because so much of their income was sheltered from this tax.
